![]() The lymph nodes can sometimes be checked for cancer during surgery. These nodes (often 2 or 3) are then looked at in the lab. The doctor then makes an incision (cut) in the skin over the area in the armpit and removes the nodes. Looking for nodes that have turned blue (or brown, if iron oxide particles were injected).Using a special machine to detect either radioactivity or iron oxide particles.Lymph vessels will carry these substances into the sentinel node(s) over the next few hours. A liquid containing iron oxide particles.A radioactive substance and/or a blue dye, OR.To do this, the surgeon injects a substance into the area around the tumor, into the skin over the tumor, or into the tissues just under the areola (the colored area around the nipple). ALND is not done as often as it was in the past, but it might still be the best way to look at the lymph nodes in some situations.Įither of these procedures can usually be done at the same time as mastectomy or lumpectomy, but they might also be done in a second operation.įor a sentinel lymph node biopsy, the surgeon finds and removes the sentinel node (or nodes) - the first lymph node(s) into which a tumor drains, and the one(s) most likely to contain cancer cells if they have started to spread. Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND): A procedure in which the surgeon removes many lymph nodes from under the arm.Removing only one or a few lymph nodes lowers the risk of side effects from the surgery. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB): A procedure in which the surgeon removes only the lymph node(s) under the arm to which the cancer would likely spread first.Two types of surgery can be used to remove the lymph nodes: Lymph nodes may be removed either as part of the surgery to remove the breast cancer or as a separate operation. This is an important part of figuring out the stage (extent) of the cancer. ![]() To find out if the breast cancer has spread to axillary (underarm) lymph nodes, one or more of these lymph nodes may be removed and looked at in the lab. Īside from post-surgical pain, temporary swelling, and a change in the appearance of the breast, possible side effects of surgery include bleeding and infection at the surgical site, hematoma (buildup of blood in the wound), and seroma (buildup of clear fluid in the wound). If BCS is done, it is typically followed by radiation therapy. It is used much less often in men because most male breast cancers are located behind the nipple and many times have grown into the nipple, so they require more extensive surgery such as a mastectomy. How much of the breast is removed depends on the size and location of the tumor and other factors.īCS is commonly used to treat women with breast cancer. The goal is to remove the cancer as well as some surrounding normal tissue. For this surgery, only the part of the breast containing the cancer is removed. This surgery might also be called a lumpectomy, quadrantectomy, partial mastectomy, or segmental mastectomy. This is only needed if the cancer has grown into the pectoral muscles under the breast. If the tumor is large and growing into the chest muscles, the surgeon must do a radical mastectomy, a more extensive operation removing the entire breast, axillary lymph nodes, and the chest wall muscles under the breast.In a modified radical mastectomy, the surgeon extends the incision to remove the entire breast and lymph nodes under the arm as well.In a simple or total mastectomy, the surgeon removes the entire breast, including the nipple, but does not remove underarm lymph nodes or muscle tissue from beneath the breast.Most men with breast cancer will undergo a mastectomy since men have a small amount of breast tissue. In this surgery, the entire breast is removed, including all of the breast tissue and sometimes other nearby tissues. There are two main types of surgery to remove breast cancer: Mastectomy It’s important to know your options so you can talk about them with your doctor and make the choice that is right for you. Your doctor may recommend a certain operation based on your breast cancer features and your medical history, or you may have a choice about which type to have. Find out whether the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes under the arm (sentinel lymph node biopsy or axillary lymph node dissection).Remove as much of the cancer as possible (breast-conserving surgery or mastectomy).There are different types of breast surgery, and it may be done for different reasons, depending on the situation. Most men with breast cancer have some type of surgery as part of their treatment.
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